Processingraw materials:soya
If the soya is not subjected to a previous thermal treatment, the nutritional value and the digestibility of the raw Soya proteins are quite low.
The raw soya contains active materials biological material with an anti nutritional action. The most important are essentially proteases and hemoagglutinines, but saponines and factors inducing allergies, goitre and rickets are present as well with other substances.
How does extrusion works ?
Extrusion consists of running ground and compressed Soya seeds through a die in an extrusion sleeve with an endless screw turning at a high speed.
The treatment’s objective by extrusion is triple:
- to reduce the anti nutritional factors’ content,
- to avoid the damage of the proteins,
- to provoke the rupture of the cells which contain the oil in order to improve the energetic value.
The process of the dry extrusion guarantees these 3 objectives.
This process consists of raising Soya seeds to a very high temperature during a very short time (160° at the outlet’s die). This temperature’ s raising is essentially realised by transformation of the mechanical energy into heat in the extruder’s frame. The intern configuration in the machine assures friction conditions and appropriate shearing which make fragile the seeds’ cells.
The seed’s free water is raised to a higher temperature than vaporisation, but is still liquid because of the strong pressures it supports in the extruder’s frame. At the die’s outlet, the brutal come back to the atmospheric atmosphere gives a sudden evaporation to this water.
The effect of this vaporisation are
- to make the cells explode
- to absorb the necessary calories for the production of this steam (about 6 % of the initial seeds’ weight).
The almost instantaneous come back of the product processed at a 150°C temperature stops nearly the reaction of “burn aspect”. This method has something in common with the HT-STntreatments (High Temperature - Short Time) which is similar to the UHT treatment (used for the conservation of the milk).
The energetic value is higher
because its water content is smaller
because this process allows the nearly total destruction of the cellular structures of the soya seed, and the, a better digestion of the energy contained.
The product is more stable
because the extrusion destroys also the lipases and lipoxidases contained in the raw Soya seed. These enzymes help the hydrolyse and the oxidation of the fats.
Its smaller water value after extrusion assures its conservation which, well stocked even during months keeps a product which :
- don’t become rancid
- don’t become oxidised
- don’t go mouldy.
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